Thoughts on the name
factory_botopen in new window based the original name on the Factory method and Object Mother software patterns (as discussed hereopen in new window). However, what factory_bot and similar libraries create are closer to fixturesopen in new window. So while one defines a fixture factory/builder, the goal is to output the equivalent of a fixture (which traditionally are written once and fixed throughout the life of the tests). When first developing fixture-riveter, the temporary name factory-builder was used, but it's both incorrect as an abstraction and the name is already in use.
In thinking about the original name "factory_girl", I thought of Rosie the Riveteropen in new window. I agree with thoughtbot's decision to keep their library gender neutral; there's no reason to gender such things. But as my own nod, "riveter" is a fantastic word and it denotes one who joins two objects, who rivets things together. In much the same way, this and similar libraries join your application with fake data, allowing for easier testing.
Thus, the name fixture-riveter. Internally, only the top-level object is called fixture-riveter; all of the definitions are called "fixtures" to keep the naming consistent. You define and then build/create fixtures, and the instances of a fixture are what you use in your tests.